台湾岛——世界地理数据大百科辞条

台湾岛，中国第一大岛，位于台湾海峡东侧，菲律宾海西岸，北起25o18′，南至21 o 54′，东起122 o 0′，西至120 o02′。全岛面积35984km2，海岸线长2101km。台湾岛与北起的千岛群岛、日本群岛、琉球群岛，向南的菲律宾群岛构成了太平洋西海岸的岛屿链。台湾岛地理位置十分重要，是台湾海峡的地理屏障。台湾岛受到欧亚板块和菲律宾板块的挤压作用，造成台湾岛与邻近海沟之间形成巨大的高差。中央山脉南北向贯穿台湾岛，中央山脉主峰玉山海拔3952米，是中国东部最高峰。从台湾岛最高峰玉山到东部海沟深海平面以下5881米，在水平距离250公里内高差达到9833米，台湾岛成为世界在250公里水平范围内，高差之最。受到地质板块作用，台湾岛位于太平洋西海岸地震带上，是世界地震频发的地带之一。自1736年有记录以来，台湾发生过近70次6级以上地震，7级以上地震20余次，包括2次8级以上地震。台湾地处热带与亚热带分界地带，北回归线通过台湾岛中南部，最冷月平均温度16oC线从台湾岛中部东海岸向南并转至北到达西海岸的中部。台湾的降雨丰沛，南部隶属南亚-东南亚湿润、半湿润生态地理区，北部隶属东亚季风生态地理区。台湾岛山地垂直自然带发育，最高峰玉山是中国东部最高峰，从沿海至山顶，垂直地带包括沿海热带、亚热带海岸带、热带雨林季雨林带、常绿阔叶林带、针阔混交林带、针叶林带和高山草甸带。台湾岛海岸线是基于2015年Google Earth 影像基础上研发的数据，该数据以.kmz 和 .shp格式存储。

Taiwan Island, the largest island in China, is situated on the eastern side of the Taiwan Strait and the western coast of the Philippine Sea. Its geographic scope spans from 25°18′ N in the north to 21°54′ N in the south, and from 122°0′ E in the east to 120°02′ E in the west. The total area of the island is 35,984 km², with a coastline length of 2,101 km.

Together with the Kuril Islands, Japanese Archipelago and Ryukyu Islands to the north, and the Philippine Archipelago to the south, Taiwan Island forms the island chain along the western Pacific coast. Taiwan Island has a strategically critical geographical position, acting as the geographical barrier of the Taiwan Strait.

Affected by the extrusion between the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Plate, a massive elevation difference has formed between Taiwan Island and the adjacent trenches. The Central Mountain Range runs through Taiwan Island in a north-south direction, with its main peak Yushan (Jade Mountain) reaching an elevation of 3,952 meters, making it the highest peak in eastern China. From Yushan, the highest peak of Taiwan Island, to the deep-sea floor 5,881 meters below sea level of the eastern trench, the elevation difference reaches 9,833 meters within a horizontal distance of 250 kilometers, rendering Taiwan Island the location with the largest elevation difference within a 250-kilometer horizontal span worldwide.

Due to tectonic plate activities, Taiwan Island lies on the seismic belt along the western Pacific coast, making it one of the regions with frequent seismic activities globally. Since records began in 1736, Taiwan has witnessed nearly 70 earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above, over 20 earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above, including two earthquakes of magnitude 8 or above.

Taiwan is located in the transitional zone between the tropical and subtropical regions, with the Tropic of Cancer passing through its central and southern parts. The 16°C average coldest month isotherm runs southward from the central eastern coast of Taiwan Island, then turns northward to reach the central western coast.

Taiwan has abundant rainfall: its southern region belongs to the South Asia-Southeast Asia humid and semi-humid eco-geographical zone, while its northern region falls under the East Asian monsoon eco-geographical zone.

Taiwan Island has well-developed vertical natural zones in its mountainous areas. As the highest peak in eastern China, Yushan features complete vertical natural zones: from the coast to the mountain top, the vertical zones include coastal tropical and subtropical coastal zones, tropical rainforest and monsoon forest zones, evergreen broad-leaved forest zones, coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest zones, coniferous forest zones and alpine meadow zones.

The coastline data of Taiwan Island was developed based on 2015 Google Earth imagery, and is stored in .kmz and .shp formats.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集详细描述了台湾岛的地理特征，包括其地理位置、地形、气候和生态分布等信息。数据基于2015年的Google Earth影像，适用于地理和生态研究。