Subject characteristics at baseline of the whole study population, and changes in body weight and fat mass during intervention periods, and changes of body weight and fat mass during CR and RF by intervention group.

Values are means ±SD, n = 32. †††p<0.001 significantly different from baseline ***p<0.001 significantly different from previous period; Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustments OF, overfeeding; CR, caloric restriction; RF, refeeding; FM, fat mass; CHO, carbohydrate; GI, glycemic index At baseline, fasting insulin levels ranged from 1.3 to 22.4 mU/l and mean values of IS were in the normal range according to cut-off values by Radikova et al. (HOMA-IR <2.3 and Matsuda >5.0) [33], while three study participants had HOMA-IR values >2.3 and Matsuda indices <5.0 together with an increased FM (>23% FM). M-values were significantly associated with HOMA-index and Matsuda-ISI [22](r = -0.43 and r = 0.42, both p<0.05) at baseline as well as after RF with Matsuda-ISI (r = 0.55, p<0.05), while association with HOMA-IR tended to be associated (r = -0.34, p = 0.06). Subject characteristics at baseline of the whole study population, and changes in body weight and fat mass during intervention periods, and changes of body weight and fat mass during CR and RF by intervention group.