A simplified direct on-chip forward or reverse immunoassay for understanding protein-protein interactions in the serum

a <strong>Surface chemical</strong> modified with activated sophorolipids in combination with 16-amino-1-hexadecanethiol hydrochloride and displayed recognition of serum proteins on the biochip was conducted. Strategies for on-chip immunoassay included forward assay, a ligand was immobilized on the biochip surface and allowed to interact with its free specific receptor in liquid phase, and reverse assay, a receptor was loaded on the biochip surface and combined its free specific ligand in solution. The specificity of molecular interactions on the biochip was evaluated using an immunological blocking assay and a chemiluminescent immunoassay.