Data underlying the publication: Creep in carbonatable binders: Investigating non-hydraulic lime mortars

<strong>CONTEXT:</strong>This dataset provides the experimentally measured <strong>total strain of air lime-containing mortars</strong> subjected to sustained compressive loading. The aim was to investigate long-term deformation behavior and support the development of reproducible testing protocols for non-hydraulic binders, such as air lime.<br><strong>GROUPS &amp; MATERIALS:</strong>Mortars were prepared with four binder compositions—<strong>C100L0, C50L50, C33L67, and C0L100</strong>—representing varying proportions of Portland cement (CEM II A/L 32.5R) and air lime (CL90-S). The number after 'C' represents the percentage of cement (compared to the total binder volume), while the number after 'L' represents the percentage of air lime (over the total binder volume). Thus, C33L67 means that 33% of the binder composition is Portland cement and 67% of the binder composition is air lime. Standard siliceous sand (0-2 mm, EN 196-1:2016) and tap water were used. The specimens were exposed to different curing environments (Curing regimes A, B, and C) and monitored under load for periods up to 240 days.<br><strong>PRODUCTION OF SPECIMENS:</strong>To ensure that all mixtures were suitable for the same intended application, the flow diameter was fixed at (164 ± 7) mm, in line with the procedure recommended by <strong>EN 459-2:2021</strong>. Regarding specimen production, the same mixing procedure was adopted for all four mortar groups. Mixing lasted four minutes, followed by casting in two layers. Each layer was compacted using mechanical vibration for 30 seconds, in line with the instructions provided in <strong>EN 459-2:2021</strong> and <strong>EN 196-1:2016</strong>.<br><strong>CURING CONDITIONS:</strong>After initial curing for 7 days in a humid chamber at (95 ± 5) % RH and (21 ± 2) °C (<strong>EN 1015-11:2019</strong>), specimens were subjected to three curing regimes:<strong>Curing regime A</strong>: at natural atmospheric conditions (~0.04 % CO₂), until reaching 28 days.<strong>Curing regime B</strong>: at natural atmospheric conditions (~0.04 % CO₂), until reaching 91 days.<strong>Curing regime C</strong>: in an accelerated carbonation chamber (1 % CO₂), until reaching 28 days.Throughout curing and testing, all groups were maintained at (21 ± 2) °C and (55 ± 5) %. Except for C100L0 (Curing regime A), which was kept at (95 ± 5) % RH, (21 ± 2) °C, and (~0.04 % CO₂) until reaching 28 days, in accordance with <strong>EN 1015-11:2019</strong>.<br><strong>TESTING PROTOCOL:</strong>The acquisition of strain data was conducted in accordance with <strong>EN 12390-17:2019</strong>. Each binder composition under each curing regime was loaded to 30% of its compressive strength, determined at 28 days (Curing regimes A and C) or 91 days (Curing regime B).<strong>Curing regime A</strong> specimens were monitored for up to 56 days.<strong>Curing regimes B and C</strong> were monitored for 240 days.Two prisms per mixture (10 × 10 × 40 cm) were tested, yielding four measurement points per condition. Total displacement was measured continuously with automated LPDTs (±0.0001 mm), recorded every 30 seconds during the first week and every 30 minutes thereafter. Strain was calculated using a 20 cm gauge length. <br><strong>VALUE OF THE DATA:</strong>This dataset provides long-term total strain records (up to 240 days) for air lime-containing mortars subjected to standardized loading conditions (30 % of each group’s reference strength) under well-defined curing regimes (0.04 % and 1 % CO₂). It includes four binder compositions ranging from pure cement to pure air lime (binder-volume percentages defined in the <strong>C</strong>x<strong>L</strong>y codes). These data allow researchers to assess how binder composition and curing regime influence long-term deformation and volume stability, and to evaluate the applicability and limitations of EN 12390-17 when extended to non-hydraulic binders.<br><br>

<strong>实验背景（CONTEXT）：</strong>本数据集收录了受持续压缩荷载作用的含气硬性石灰（air lime）砂浆的实验实测总应变数据。本数据集旨在研究气硬性石灰的长期变形特性，并为非水硬性胶凝材料（non-hydraulic binders）的可重复测试规程开发提供支撑。<br><strong>试样与材料（GROUPS & MATERIALS）：</strong>本次实验共制备了四种胶凝组分配比的砂浆——C100L0、C50L50、C33L67与C0L100，分别对应不同比例的波特兰水泥（Portland cement，型号CEM II A/L 32.5R）与气硬性石灰（CL90-S）。其中，字母“C”后的数字代表波特兰水泥占胶凝材料总体积的百分比，字母“L”后的数字代表气硬性石灰占胶凝材料总体积的百分比。例如，C33L67即表示胶凝组分中33%为波特兰水泥，67%为气硬性石灰。实验采用符合EN 196-1:2016标准的0~2 mm标准硅质砂与自来水作为原材料。所有砂浆试样均设置了三种养护环境（养护制度A、B、C），并在荷载作用下进行最长240天的监测。<br><strong>试样制备（PRODUCTION OF SPECIMENS）：</strong>为确保所有砂浆混合料适配同一应用场景，实验按照EN 459-2:2021标准推荐的流程，将砂浆流动直径固定为(164±7) mm。所有四组砂浆均采用统一的拌制流程：先搅拌4分钟，再分两层浇筑，每层均通过机械振动压实30秒，该操作符合EN 459-2:2021与EN 196-1:2016标准的要求。<br><strong>养护条件（CURING CONDITIONS）：</strong>所有试样首先按照EN 1015-11:2019标准，在相对湿度(95±5)%、温度(21±2)℃的潮湿养护箱中预养护7天，随后分别接受三种养护制度处理：<br>养护制度A：置于自然大气环境（二氧化碳体积分数约0.04%）中养护至28天；<br>养护制度B：置于自然大气环境（二氧化碳体积分数约0.04%）中养护至91天；<br>养护制度C：置于二氧化碳体积分数1%的加速碳化箱中养护至28天。<br>在整个养护与测试过程中，所有试样均保持在温度(21±2)℃、相对湿度(55±5)%的环境中。仅C100L0组（养护制度A）除外，该组按照EN 1015-11:2019标准，持续保持在(95±5)% RH、(21±2)℃与约0.04% CO₂的环境中直至养护至28天。<br><strong>测试规程（TESTING PROTOCOL）：</strong>应变数据的采集严格遵循EN 12390-17:2019标准。每种胶凝组分在对应养护制度下的试样，均加载至其28天（养护制度A、C）或91天（养护制度B）抗压强度的30%。其中，养护制度A的试样监测时长最长为56天，养护制度B与C的试样监测时长为240天。每组混合料制备两根棱柱形试样（尺寸10×10×40 cm），每组测试条件共设置四个测量点。总位移通过自动化线性位移差动传感器（LPDTs，精度±0.0001 mm）连续采集：首周每30秒记录一次数据，后续每30分钟记录一次。应变计算采用20 cm的标距长度。<br><strong>数据价值（VALUE OF THE DATA）：</strong>本数据集收录了在明确养护制度（二氧化碳体积分数0.04%与1%）下、承受标准化荷载（每组试样参考抗压强度的30%）的含气硬性石灰砂浆的长期总应变记录，监测时长最长可达240天。数据集涵盖从纯波特兰水泥到纯气硬性石灰的四种胶凝组分配比（配比通过CxLy代码定义，以胶凝材料体积百分比标注）。该数据集可帮助研究人员评估胶凝组分与养护制度对砂浆长期变形与体积稳定性的影响，同时可用于验证EN 12390-17标准在拓展应用于非水硬性胶凝材料时的适用性与局限性。