乳酸菌鲁伊特氏调控对宿主肿瘤免疫治疗结局的影响

Immunotherapy has become one of the key strategies in cancer treatment, offering new hope for cancer patients [1-2]. However, there are significant differences in the response of different patient groups to immunotherapy, especially in colorectal cancer patients with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H), whose efficacy is influenced by multiple factors, including tumor microenvironment, host immune status, and gut microbiota composition. Therefore, optimizing immunotherapy and improving patient benefit rates have become critical issues that need urgent resolution [3]. As an important member of the gut microbiota, Lactobacillus reuteri has attracted widespread attention from biologists and medical researchers in recent years. Studies found that Lactobacillus reuteri promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and maintain gut microbiota balance by producing bacteriocins, organic acids, and other substances [4-5]. Moreover, Lactobacillus reuteri facilitates the activation of immune effectors and augments their tumor-recognition and cytotoxic capabilities, thus indirectly modulating tumor progression [6-7]. However, the role of Lactobacillus reuteri in tumor immunotherapy involves multiple cytokines, including interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and its specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In practical applications, accurately regulating its therapeutic targets and intensity remains challenging [8-10]. Based on these findings, this study suggests a therapeutic approach that combines Lactobacillus reuteri with anti-PD-1 drug treatment to improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy, offering more effective treatment options for cancer patients. The innovation of this study lies in the combined immune system through Lactobacillus reuteri and anti-PD-1 drug treatment, leading to a multidimensional immune modulation. This strategy enhances the release of inflammatory mediators and synergistically remodels the tumor microenvironment. This combined approach is expected to not only promote the release of inflammatory mediators and immune cell infiltration, but also reshape the tumor microenvironment, thereby improving the overall efficacy of immunotherapy.