Quantity of resources utilized and unit costs for the provision of antenatal and well-baby services from the first antenatal visit through six months after delivery.

BCG: Bacille Calmette Guerin; DPT-HepB-Hib: diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, haemophilus influenza type b; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; USD: United States dollar.aDifferences in means were calculated using an independent two-sided t-test.bMean time from the first antenatal visit to delivery for mother/baby pairs retained in care through delivery and mean time from first antenatal visit to last antenatal visit for mother/baby pairs not retained in care through delivery.cZambian national guidelines recommend the following for a pregnant woman presenting to care with a gestational age of 24 weeks: four outpatient clinic visits; one hemoglobin test and one urine dipstick test at the first antenatal visit; one hemoglobin test at a subsequent antenatal visit for HIV-infected women; two rapid plasma reagin tests, one at the first visit and one three months later; one rapid HIV test at the first antenatal visit with a second, confirmatory rapid HIV test if the first rapid HIV test is positive or with repeat rapid HIV tests every three months during pregnancy and while breastfeeding if the first rapid HIV test is negative; two doses of tetanus toxoid vaccine four weeks apart for pregnant women who have not been previously vaccinated and one dose of tetanus toxoid vaccine for pregnant women who have been previously vaccinated and who have received less than five previous doses in total; daily supplements (30 tablets per month) of ferrous sulfate 200 mg tablets and folic acid 5 mg tablets; three doses (nine tablets) of sulfadoxine 500 mg/pyramethamine 25 mg for HIV-uninfected pregnant women; four tablets of mebendazole 500 mg, one at each antenatal visit; and one 2.4 MU dose of benzathine penicillin for women with a positive rapid plasma reagin test [5].dSmall quantities of the following resources were utilized by mothers in our sample during the postnatal period rather than the antenatal period: first rapid HIV tests (3 tests in total), ferrous sulfate 200 mg (120 tablets), folic acid 5 mg (104 tablets), and sulfadoxine 500 mg/pyramethamine 25 mg (6 tablets). This resource utilization is included in the average resource utilization figures in Table 3.eMean time from delivery to the last well-baby visit within six months after delivery. Patients with no visits after delivery had zero months of postnatal follow up.fZambian national guidelines recommend the following care for babies during the first six months after delivery: seven outpatient clinic visits; one dose of the BCG vaccine at birth (with a repeat dose at 12 weeks of age if the infant does not have a scar); four doses of the OPV vaccine at birth, six weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks; three doses of DPT-HepB-Hib at six weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks; and a one-time vitamin A supplement of 100,000 IU (half of a 200,000 IU Vitamin A gel cap) at six months [5].gThe cost per outpatient clinic visit of $4.01 is for the urban district hospital and includes $2.46 per visit for provider time and $1.55 per visit for fixed resources. In the primary analysis, the unit cost for the urban district hospital was applied to outpatient visits at all four study sites. The cost per outpatient clinic visit, including the cost of fixed resources and provider time, was $2.42 at the peri-urban health center, $4.45 at the rural mission health center, and $2.56 at the rural health center.