Pro-Kremlin and Anti-Kremlin Telegram Dataset during Russia-Ukraine Conflict.

The dataset includes Telegram channels with both pro-Kremlin and anti-Kremlin communications, collected over a timeframe covering one year prior to and one year following the Russian invasion. It consists of 404 pro-Kremlin channels featuring 4,109,645 posts and 114 anti-Kremlin channels containing 1,117,768 posts, all provided in JSON format. <i>anti_kremlin_channel_list</i> and <i>pro_kremlin_channel_list</i> encompasses details such as the channel name, username, Telegram link, and corresponding annotations. The overall data structure is defined in the accompanying data_schema (json) file.<br><b>Important Note:</b> For proper attribution, researchers who use this dataset in their work are invited to cite the following papers that describe this dataset and an example analysis.<br><br>Bawa, A., Kursuncu, U., Achilov, D., Shalin, V. L., Agarwal, N., &amp; Akbas, E. (2025). Telegram as a Battlefield: Kremlin-related Communications during the Russia-Ukraine Conflict. <i>arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.01884</i>.<br><br>Bawa, A., Kursuncu, U., Achilov, D., &amp; Shalin, V. L. (2024). the adaptive strategies of anti-kremlin digital dissent in telegram during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. <i>arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.07135</i>.