Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

HNSCC, which includes malignant squamous lesions arising in the oral cavity, larynx and pharynx, is the seventh most common cancer in the world. HNSCC has a remarkable multiplicity and diversity of genetic alterations. Most genomic alterations in HNSCC converge in a handful of molecular pathways resulting in cell cycle deregulation, genomic instability, cell differentiation defects, and persistent mitogenic signaling, the latter involving aberrant PI3K/mTOR pathway activation thereby rendering HNSCC responsive to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. Pathway is based on [https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4348071 Fig 1 from Iglesias-Bartolome et al], [https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14129 Fig 5 from Li et al] and [https://clinicalgate.com/the-molecular-pathogenesis-of-head-and-neck-cancer/ Fig 33-3 from Clinicalgate]. Description is modified from [https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4348071 Iglesias-Bartolome et al]. Protein phosphorylation sites were added based on information from PhosphoSitePlus (R), www.phosphosite.org.

头颈鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC），包括起源于口腔、喉和咽部的恶性肿瘤，是全球第七大常见癌症。HNSCC呈现出显著的基因变异多样性和复杂性。大多数HNSCC的基因组变异集中于少数几个分子通路，导致细胞周期失调、基因组不稳定性、细胞分化缺陷以及持续的增殖信号，其中涉及PI3K/mTOR通路异常激活，从而使HNSCC对PI3K/mTOR抑制剂产生反应。通路图基于Iglesias-Bartolome等人的[https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4348071 图1]、Li等人的[https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14129 图5]以及Clinicalgate的[https://clinicalgate.com/the-molecular-pathogenesis-of-head-and-neck-cancer/ 图33-3]。描述改编自Iglesias-Bartolome等人。[https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4348071]蛋白质磷酸化位点基于PhosphoSitePlus（R），www.phosphosite.org提供的信息添加。