Comprehensive performance comparison of ABE fermentation using different operation strategies.

BtOH, ACE, EtOH and ABE refer to butanol, acetone, ethanol and total solvents; ratios of BtOH and B/A are butanol ratio over total ABE and butanol/acetone ratio; ABE prod. points to the total ABE productivity; GLCSC refers to the glucose consumed amount by S. cerevisiae; Butyrate points to the final residual butyrate concentration. All yields (Y) are weight ratios (butanol-formed/glucose-consumed or ABE-formed/glucose-consumed, g/g); Y'BtOH is the butanol yield on glucose consumed by C. acetobutylicum; Y'ABE is the total ABE yield on glucose consumed by C. acetobutylicum. N/A: not available or measured.1: Control refers to ABE fermentation by C. acetobutylicum.2: Butyrate addition refers to ABE fermentation by C. acetobutylicum with exogenous butyrate addition.3: Co-culture refers to ABE fermentation by co-culturing C. acetobutylicum/S. cerevisiae.4: Co-culture+Butyrate refers toABE fermentation by co-culturing C. acetobutylicum/S. cerevisiae in couple with exogenous butyrate addition.5: Co-culture+Butyrate refers to ABE fermentation by co-culturing C. acetobutylicum/S. cerevisiae integrated with exogenous butyrate fermentative supernatant addition (4.0 g-butyrate/L-broth).Comprehensive performance comparison of ABE fermentation using different operation strategies.