THE FORMATION OF MICRO-OASES IN CENTRAL ASIAN CITIES DURING THE IRON AGE

Abstract. This article analyzes the patterns of formation of micro-oases in urban centers of Central Asia during the Early and Developed Iron Ages based on archaeological and geoarchaeological data. Regional micro-oases formed as a result of the development of iron metallurgy, improvement of hydraulic structures, and demographic growth are examined. During the research, urbanization centers in ancient Bactria, Margiana, and Sogdia were comparatively studied, and their socio-political factors were identified. The cultural transformation of suburban landscapes and spatial structure of micro-oases are covered on the basis of a systematic approach. The results show that micro-oases served as an economic foundation for the formation of early statehood systems.