Pan-Arctic weather data set from publicly available in situ measurements from 1990-2023

These datasets are collected from publicly available in situ measurements of 36 ground and surface climatic variables from 16 different data sources, focusing on the period 1990-2023, but with some sources providing data much further back in time (early 1900s). The variables collected are: Air temperature, Snow depth, Precipitation, Longwave Incoming radiation, Longwave Outgoing Radiation, Shortwave Incoming Radiation, Shortwave outgoing radiation, Relative Humidity, Surface temperature (below the snow), Soil temperature at the depths 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 90, 110, 140, 150 and 200 cm and Soil moisture (vol%) at depths 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 80 cm. The data set consists of 719 unique locations in total, with data coverage varying between sites and over time. It is available in two versions: In the first 'raw' version, data was restructured and reformatted from each original source into a common format, but was not tested for quality. In the second, Quality Checked version, the data set has additionally been run through a five-module Quality Check involving 1) removing common error values, 2) evaluating physically impossible values, 3) outlier-detection and evaluation, 4) unit conversions and 5) evaluation of likely instrument and/or calibration artifacts. The code for import, normalization and quality check with optional modules is made available in addition to the data and metadata. When using the data, the original data source should always be cited (found in readme and metadata document). Abbreviations used: AWI: Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam; CALM: Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring through Arctic Data Center; CEN/Nordicana: Center for Northern Studies, Canada; FMI: Finnish Meteorological Institute; GEM: Greenland Ecosystem Monitoring; IARC: International Arctic Research Center, Fairbanks, US; NGEE: Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments, Fairbanks, US; NMI: Norwegian Meteorological Institute; SILA/Nordicana: SILA Network at Center for Northern Studies, Canada; SMHI: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute; WMO: World Meteorological Organization via Meteostat.net; DMI: Danish Meteorological Institut; NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Monitoring Laboratory.