Surface parameters of the biomaterials and duration and bacterial adhesion rates of the observed adhesion phases.

a Values of Rq, specific surface area, skewness and the maximum vertical peak-to-valley distances were calculated based on AFM images with a scan size of 1 µm×1 µm.
b Adhesion rates were calculated for each adhesion phase according to equation (3); n.o. – phase not observed.
Adhesion kinetics of E. coli on titanium oxide, tissue culture poly(styrene), poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and Borofloat® silicate glass presented as duration of the observed phases (I–III) in hours and adhesion rates defined as % increase of coverage per hour. For each material, the root mean square roughness Rq, the specific surface area, skewness, the maximum vertical peak-to-valley distance and the measured water contact angle are given (n = 3, mean ± SD).