Comparison of Use of Cerebrospinal Fluid, Serum, and Throat Swab Specimens in Diagnosis of Enteroviral Acute Neurological Infection by a Rapid RNA Detection PCR Assay

A PCR assay for detection of enterovirus RNA in multiple specimen types from patients with neurological infections was evaluated. Combined PCR assay of cerebrospinal fluid and serum (systemic specimens) was more sensitive than assaying either specimen alone in children but not in adults. Compared with PCR in systemic specimens, detection of enterovirus RNA in throat swabs showed a sensitivity of 62.5% and a specificity of 75.6%.