Synergistic garlic and rubber seed oil combinations suppress rumen methanogenesis via microbial reprogramming and biomarker enrichment

This in vitro study tested whether combining garlic oil and rubber seed oil could suppress methane production in the rumen microbiome of Hanwoo cows. Using rumen fluid from Hanwoo cows and sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA V3, V4 region (amplified with primers 341F and 805R), the experiment compared four treatments: control, garlic oil alone, rubber seed oil alone, and garlic oil + rubber seed oil.