Electrochemically switched ion-exchange of fluoride into polyaniline films

We will determine spatially and temporally resolved profiles of fluoride during electrochemically driven ion-exchange into/out of polyaniline films, using event mode NR. The data will provide insight into structural limitations on capacity and film response rate. They will extend nanogravimetric (EQCM) data revealing opposing fluoride and solvent fluxes in response to applied potential, rationalise asymmetry of ion entry/exit rates, and distinguish moving front vs pore-based ion transport mechanisms. The outcomes will be relevant to design of systems for high fluoride remediation of natural waters.