Gut Microbiota of Amerindians in The Brazilian Amazon Experiencing a Process of Transition to Urbanization

Human gut microbiota from traditional communities is the subject of recent studies because of its importance to health. Here we characterized the diversity of the gut microbiota from the Yanomami, a hunter-gatherer society from the Amazon, experiencing contact with the urbanized population. We compared it with the Manaus population gut microbiota, the largest urbanized center in the Amazon. For this pupose, a metagenomic approach of 16S rRNA gene was carried out in the fecal samples of both populations.