Nasal mucociliary clearance was decreased in Ttll1−/− mice.

(A) Tosufloxacin (50 mg/kg) was administered to Ttll1−/− mice with rhinosinusitis to inhibit cough for 7 days. Treatment with tosufloxacin did not decrease cough (bars indicate median values, n = 4 per group; NS = not significant). (B) Nasal sections (coronal) of the Ttll1−/− mice treated with tosufloxacin. Neutrophils were decreased in the mucus. However, mucus accumulation persisted (*) (n = 4). (C) Representative computed tomography scans of the coronal nasal cavity. The area occupied by contrast material is bordered with a red line. (D) We calculated the percent changes in the area of contrast material [(area at 30 min − area at 150 min)/area at 30 min] to assess clearance of contrast material (mean ± SEM, n = 4, *P Ttll1−/− mice, a larger amount of Evans blue persisted in the nasal cavity and a lesser amount was swallowed compared with that in the wild-type (WT) mice (mean ± SEM, n = 5, *P