Data supporting: "Overestimation of evapotranspiration across India if not considering the impact of rising atmospheric CO2"

README – Dataset Description for ETo Estimation Using Original and Modified FAO-PM Equation This repository contains outputs of estimated reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using the original and the modified FAO-PM equation under the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios for India. Data are available in both NetCDF and Excel formats, organized systematically for ease of use. Directory Structure 1. Abs_ ETo Contains absolute values of ETo estimated using the original and modified FAO-PM equation, arranged by time period and timescale: 2021–2030 Daily ETo files -- Daily values of ETo for the time period (5 GCMs). Decadal average ETo -- Mean daily values averaged across the decade for the time period (5 GCMs). Annual_avg -- Annual average ETo for each year in the decade for each of the 5 GCMs. Seasonal_avg -- Average ETo for key seasons within the decade for each GCM. 2051–2060 Same file structure as above (daily, decadal, annual, seasonal). 2091–2100 Same file structure as above (daily, decadal, annual, seasonal). Annual_avg_eto_combined Combined folder containing average annual ETo values mentioned above, for ease of use. 2. Diff_in_ETo Contains the difference in ETo between the original and modified FAO Penman–Monteith methods. Data are provided at different temporal scales: diff_in_eto_daily -- Daily difference in ETo for each GCM. diff_in_eto_decadal_average -- Decadal average of differences in ETo for each GCM. diff_in_eto_seasonal_average -- Differences in seasonal averages of ETo. individual_gcm -- Differences in seasonal averages of ETo for each GCM. multimodel -- Multimodel ensemble of differences in seasonal averages of ETo estimated using all GCMs. File Formats NetCDF files -- Provide spatially gridded data for ETo. Excel files -- Contain tabulated summaries (annual, seasonal, decadal). Note: Input Climate Data Net radiation was derived using codes provided in the associated GitHub repository and is provided in this data repository. Remaiing climate input data for ETo estimation across India were obtained from the ISIMIP3b protocol (https://data.isimip.org/search/tree/ISIMIP3b/InputData/climate/atmosphere/). Gridded projections were used for three time periods - 2021–2030, 2051–2060, and 2091–2100 from five GCMs (GFDL-ESM4, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MPI-ESM1-2-HR, MRI-ESM2-0, UKESM1-0-LL) under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios at 0.5° × 0.5° resolution. The following six variables were used: Near-surface relative humidity, Surface air pressure, Surface downwelling shortwave radiation, Near-surface wind speed, Daily maximum near-surface temperature, Daily minimum near-surface temperature. Additionally, ISIMIP3b atmospheric CO2 concentration data (annual average) under both SSPs were included.