Characteristics of women and infants associated with positive first PCR versus negative first PCR.

aDenotes p< alpha, equal to 0.05 for 2-category comparisons or adjusted to 0.017 for 3-category comparisons. Post hoc analysis performed only if the global p-value (in bold) was <0.05. (see Methods).
b1088 available PCR results, of these 262 mothers were already on ART, 23 with no corresponding maternal CD4 results, therefore 803 available CD4 results with corresponding PCR results.
cFor explanations of ARV regimen categories please refer to Figure 1.
dPartner disclosed defined as partner having knowledge of maternal HIV status. Partner non-involved defined as a partner who has died, or is otherwise separated from the mother.
Abbreviations: PCR (polymerase chain reaction)- DNA PCR test for HIV, ART (antiretroviral therapy), ARV (antiretroviral), CD4+ (CD4+ cell count), PMTCT (prevention of mother-to-child transmission).