Table 1 Dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins reported from B in Dammarane triterpenoid glycosides in Bacopa monnieri: A review on chemical diversity and bioactivity

Table 1 Dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins reported from B. monnieri. SaponinsStructural nameReferenceBacogenin A1 (3)3,18-dihydroxy-20 → 25-epoxy-22 (or 23)-methyl-24-nor-dammar-22-en-16-one.Kulshreshtha andRastogi (1973a)Bacogenin A2 (4)Epimeric genin of Bacogenin A1Kulshreshtha andRastogi (1974)Bacogenin A3 (5)–Chandel et al. (1977)Bacogenin A4 (6)Ebelin lactone pseudojujubogeninKulshreshtha andRastogi (1973b)Bacoside A1 (7)3- O -[α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 3)- O -α -L-arabinopyranosyl] jujubogenin(Jain andKulshreshtha, 1993)Bacoside A3 (8)3- O -[β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)- O -{α -L-arabinofuranosy-(1 → 2)}- O -β -D-glucopyranosyl)] jujubogeninRastogi andMehrotra (1990)Bacopasaponin A3- O -α -L-arabinopyranosyl-20- O -α -L-arabinopyranosyl jujubogeninGarai et al. (1996a)(9)Bacopasaponin B3- O -[α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)- O -α -L-arabinopyranosyl] pseudojujubogeninGarai et al. (1996a)(10)Bacopasaponin C3- O -[β -D-glucopyranosyl (1–3){α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)}- α -L-arabinopyranosyl] pseudojujubogeninGarai et al. (1996a)(11)Bacopasaponin D3- O -[α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)- β -D-glucopyranosyl] pseudojujubogeninGarai et al. (1996b)(12)Bacopasaponin E3- O -[β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3){α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)}- O -α -L arabinopyranosyl]-20- O -(α -L-arabinopyranosyl)Mahato et al. (2000)(13)jujubogeninBacopasaponin F3-O-[β -d-glucopyranosyl (1 → 3){α -L- arabinofuranosyl (1 → 2)} β -d-glucopyranosyl]-20-O- α -L-arabinopyranosyl) jujubogeninMahato et al. (2000)(14)Bacopasaponin G3- O -[α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)]- O - α -L-arabinopyranosyl jujubogeninHou et al. (2002)(15)Bacopasaponin H3- O -α -L-arabinopyranosylpseudojujubojenin(Mandal and(16)Mukhopadhyay,2004)Bacopasaponin I3- O -[β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)- O -{α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)}-O- β -D-glucopyranosyl]-20-deoxypsedojujubogeninDang et al. (2018)(17)Bacopaside I (18)3- O -α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-[6- O -sulphonyl- β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]- O-α -L-arabinopyranosyl] pseudojujubogeninChakravarty et al.(2001)Bacopaside II (19)3- O -α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-[- O-β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]- O-β -D-glucopyranosyl pseudojujubogeninChakravarty et al.(2001)Bacopaside III3- O -α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)- O-β -D - glucopyranosyl jujubogeninChakravarty et al.(20)(2003)Bacopaside IV3- O -β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)- O-α -L-arabinopyranosyl jujubogeninChakravarty et al.(21)(2003)Bacopaside V (22)3- O -β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)- O-α -L-arabinopyranosyl pseudojujubogeninChakravarty et al.(2003)Bacopaside VI3- O -[6- O- sulfonyl- β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]- O-α -L-arabinopyranosyl pseudojujubogeninZhou et al. (2007)(23)Bacopaside VII3- O -{β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)]- O-α -L-arabinopyranosyl} jujubogeninZhou et al. (2007)(24)Bacopaside VIII3- O -{β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)[α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)]- β -D-glucopyranosyl}-20- O-α -L-arabinopyranosyl jujubogeninZhou et al. (2007)(25)Bacopaside IX3- O -{β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)[α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)]- O-β -D-glucopyranosyl}-20- O -α -L- arabinopyranosyl jujubogeninZhou et al. (2009)(26)Bacopaside X (27)3- O -{β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)[α -L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 2)]- α -L-arabinopyranosyl} jujubogeninDeepak et al. (2005)Bacopaside XI3- O -[α -L-arabinofuranosyl (1 → 3)]-6- O -sulfonyl -β -D-glucopyranosyl pseudojujubogeninBhandari et al.(28)(2009a)Bacopaside XII3- O -{β -D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 3)[α -L-arabinofuranosyl (1 → 2)]- O -β -D-glucopyranosyl}-20- O -α -L-arabinopyranosylBhandari et al.(29)pseudojujubogenin(2009a)Bacopaside N13- O -[β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)- O -β -D- glucopyranosyl] jujubogeninSivaramakrishna(30)et al. (2005b)Bacopaside N23- O -[β -D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)- O-β -D-glucopyranosyl] pseudojujubogeninSivaramakrishna(31)et al. (2005b)Bacoside A4 (32)3- O -α-L-arabinopyranosyl jujubogeninPawar and Bhutani(2006)Bacoside A5 (33)20- O -α-L-arabinopyranosyl jujubogenin.Pawar and Bhutani(2006)Bacomosaponin A3- O -{β -D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 3)[α -L-arabinofuranosyl (1 → 2)]- β -D-glucopyranosyl}-20- O -(3,4-diacetyl- α -l-arabinopyranosyl)Ohta et al. (2016)(34)jujubogeninBacomosaponin B3- O -{β -D-glucopyranosyl (1 → 3)[α -L-arabinofuranosyl (1 → 2)]- α -L-arabinopyranosyl}-20- O -(3,4-diacetyl- α -l-arabinopyranosyl)Ohta et al. (2016)(35)jujubogenin