Signature measures of accuracy for diagnosing bacterial vs viral infections.

Left: Performance estimates and their 95% CIs were obtained using a leave-10%-out cross-validation on all patients in the study cohort (nBacterial = 319, nViral = 334), Unanimous sub-cohort (nBacterial = 256, nViral = 271), and Microbiologically confirmed sub-cohort (nBacterial = 68, nViral = 173). Right: The analysis was repeated after filtering out patients with an equivocal immune response (study cohort [nBacterial = 290, nViral = 277, nequivocal = 86], Unanimous [nBacterial = 233, nViral = 232, nequivocal = 62] and Microbiologically confirmed [nBacterial = 64, nViral = 160, nequivocal = 17]), which resembles the way clinicians are likely to use the signature. Additional measures of accuracy, including positive predictive value and negative predictive value, and their dependency on bacterial prevalence are described in S5 Data.Signature measures of accuracy for diagnosing bacterial vs viral infections.