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Dysphagia is a prevalent and debilitating sequela in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers undergoing surgery, often complicated by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. This prospective cohort study aimed to describe the longitudinal changes in swallowing and oral intake and assess the influence of adjuvant treatment modalities. We included 89 patients with oral cavity or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Swallowing was assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months post-surgery using Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10), Swallowing Ability and Safety Scale (SASS), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES). Patients were stratified by adjuvant treatment: none, radiotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy. Swallowing recovery was dynamic. EAT-10 scores increased from 8.8 at 1 month to peak at 13.5 at 3 months (p