Victims of Crime Survey 2011 - South Africa

Abstract
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The Victims of Crime Survey (VCS) is a countrywide household-based survey which collects data on the prevalence of particular kinds of crime within South Africa. The survey includes information on victimisation experienced by individuals and households and their perspectives on community responses to crime. Therefore, VCS data can be used for research in the development of policies and strategies for crime prevention and public safety and education programmes. Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) conducted its first VCS in 1998. Following the VCS 1998, victims surveys were conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS). Since 2011, StatsSA began conducting an annual collection of the VCS as a source of information on crime in South Africa. The main objectives of the survey are to:

• Provide information about the dynamics of crime from the perspective of households and the victims of crime.

• Explore public perceptions of the activities of the police, prosecutors, courts and correctional services in the prevention of crime and victimisation.

• Provide complimentary data on the level of crime within South Africa in addition to the statistics published annually by the South African Police Service.

The VCS 2011 is the second release in the collection and is comparable to the VCS 1998 and all subsequent releases. However, the VCS 2011 is not comparable to new Governance, Public Safety and Justice Survey (GPSJS). StatsSA launched the GPSJS in April 2018 in response to the need for standardised international reporting standards on governance and access to justice that are recommended by the SDGs, ShaSA and Agenda 2063.

Geographic coverage
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The survey has national coverage

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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The target population of the survey consists of all private households in all nine provinces of South Africa, as well as residents in workers’ hostels. The survey does not cover other collective living quarters such as students’ hostels, old-age homes, hospitals, prisons and military barracks. It is only representative of non-institutionalised and non-military persons or households in South Africa.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data

Sampling procedure
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The VCS 2011 used a master sample (MS) originally designed for the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) as a sampling frame. The MS is based on information collected during the 2001 Population Census conducted by Stats SA. The MS has been developed as a general-purpose household survey frame that can be used by all household-based surveys irrespective of the sample size requirement of the survey. The VCS 2012 uses an MS of primary sampling units (PSUs) which comprise census enumeration areas (EAs) that are drawn from across the country.

The sample used a stratified two-stage design with probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling of PSUs in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with systematic sampling in the second stage. The sample was designed to be representative at provincial level. A self-weighting design at provincial level was used and MS stratification was divided into two levels. Primary stratification was defined by metropolitan and non-metropolitan geographic area type. During secondary stratification, the Census 2001 data were summarised at PSU level. The following variables were used for secondary stratification: household size, education, occupancy status, gender, industry and income.

A randomised probability proportional to size (RPPS) systematic sample of PSUs was drawn in each stratum, with the measure of size being the number of households in the PSU. The sample size of 3 080 PSUs was selected. In each selected PSU a systematic sample of dwelling units was drawn. The number of DUs selected per PSU varies from PSU to PSU and depends on the inverse sampling ratios (ISR) of each PSU. The sample size for the VCS 2011 is 29 754 dwelling units.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The VOCS 2011 questionnaire was based on the questionnaires used in the International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS) and previous VOCSs conducted by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) and Statistics SA.

Sections 10 to 20 of the questionnaire relate to household crimes. A proxy respondent (preferably head of the household or acting head of household) answered on behalf of the household. Section 21 to 27 of the questionnaire about crimes on individuals were asked of a household member who was selected using the birthday section method. This methodology selects an individual who is 16 years or older, whose birthday is soonest after the survey date.

Cleaning operations
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Capture was undertaken on Epi-Info. A process of double capture was undertaken in order to eliminate capture error.

Data appraisal
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Comparability:

The VCS 2011 is comparable to the previous VCSs in that several questions have remained unchanged over time. Where possible, it was generally indicated in the report. However, it is important to note that the sample size for the VCS 2011 is much bigger than any of the preceding surveys, and the data should be considered more reliable than the earlier surveys especially at lower levels of disaggregation. The current survey can thus provide more accurate estimates than the previous surveys, for example at provincial level and for domain variables, such as gender and race. Caution should be exercised when running cross tabulation of different crimes by province and other variables as in most cases the reported cases were too few for this type of analysis.

摘要
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犯罪受害者调查（VCS）是一项全国性的基于家庭的调查，旨在收集有关南非特定类型犯罪普遍性的数据。该调查涵盖了个人和家庭成员所遭受的犯罪侵害情况，以及他们对社区应对犯罪的看法。因此，VCS数据可用于研究制定犯罪预防和公共安全及教育项目政策与策略。南非统计局（StatsSA）于1998年首次开展VCS调查。在VCS 1998之后，由安全研究学院（ISS）进行了受害者调查。自2011年起，StatsSA开始每年收集VCS，作为南非犯罪信息来源。调查的主要目标是：

• 从家庭和犯罪受害者的视角提供有关犯罪动态的信息。
• 探究公众对警察、检察官、法院和矫正服务在预防犯罪和受害者侵害方面的活动的看法。
• 在南非警察服务部每年发布的统计数据的基础上，提供关于南非犯罪水平的补充数据。
VCS 2011是该系列数据的第二次发布，与VCS 1998和所有后续发布的数据均可进行比较。然而，VCS 2011与新的治理、公共安全和司法调查（GPSJS）不可比。StatsSA于2018年4月启动GPSJS，以响应联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）、南非行动计划（ShaSA）和2063年议程所推荐的标准化的国际治理和司法获取报告标准。
地理覆盖范围
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调查具有全国覆盖范围
分析单元
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家庭和个人
总体
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调查的目标人群包括南非所有九个省的所有私人家庭以及工人宿舍的居民。该调查不包括其他集体生活区，如学生宿舍、养老院、医院、监狱和军事营房。它仅代表南非的非制度化、非军事个人或家庭。
数据类型
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样本调查数据
抽样程序
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VCS 2011使用了最初为季度劳动力调查（QLFS）设计的总样本（MS）作为抽样框架。该MS基于Stats SA在2001年人口普查期间收集的信息。MS已发展成为一个通用家庭调查框架，可以用于所有基于家庭的调查，无论调查的样本量需求如何。VCS 2012使用的是初级抽样单位（PSU）的MS，这些PSU来自全国各地的普查区。
样本采用了分层两阶段设计，第一阶段采用按规模成比例（PPS）抽样，第二阶段采用住宅单元（DU）的系统抽样。样本旨在在省级水平上具有代表性。在省级水平上使用了自加权设计，MS分层分为两个层次。一级分层由城市和非城市地理区域类型定义。在二级分层中，2001年人口普查数据在PSU水平上进行了汇总。以下变量用于二级分层：家庭规模、教育、占用状况、性别、行业和收入。
在每一层中，均抽取了一个随机概率按规模成比例（RPPS）的系统样本的PSU，规模衡量标准为PSU中的家庭数量。选定了3,080个PSU的样本量。在每个选定的PSU中，抽取了住宅单元的系统样本。每个PSU选定的住宅单元数量因PSU而异，并取决于每个PSU的逆抽样比率（ISR）。VCS 2011的样本量为29,754个住宅单元。
数据收集方式
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面对面（f2f）
研究工具
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VCS 2011问卷基于国际犯罪受害者调查（ICVS）和由安全研究学院（ISS）及南非统计局（Stats SA）进行的先前VCS所使用的问卷。
问卷的第10至20节与家庭犯罪相关。由代理受访者（最好是户主或代行户主）代表家庭回答。第21至27节关于个人犯罪的问题是对使用生日部分方法选定的家庭成员提出的。该方法选择一个16岁或以上、生日在调查日期最近的个体。
数据清理操作
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数据在Epi-Info中进行捕获。进行了一项双重捕获过程，以消除捕获错误。
数据评估
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可比性：
VCS 2011与先前的VCS具有可比性，因为随着时间的推移，有几个问题保持不变。在可能的情况下，报告通常会指明这一点。然而，重要的是要注意，VCS 2011的样本量远大于任何先前的调查，因此数据应比早期调查更可靠，尤其是在较低层次的细分。因此，当前调查可以提供比先前调查更准确的估计，例如在省级水平以及性别和种族等域变量方面。在运行涉及按省份和其他变量进行交叉表的不同犯罪分析时，应谨慎行事，因为在大多数情况下，报告的案件太少，无法进行此类分析。