Human mesenchymal cells retain the specificity of their embryonal origin both before and after osteogenic differentiation in vitro

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most popular cell types actively used in therapy, but we still do not have enough data about systemic differences between MSCs of various origins in the context of their differentiation. In this research we performed a comparative analysis of the secretome, proteome, and transcriptome of mesenchymal cells primary cultures isolated from six human sources: (1) osteoblast-like cells isolated from the adult femur (OBs), (2) adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from adult adipose tissue, (3) Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal cells (WJ-MSCs) from the umbilical cord, (4) gingival fibroblasts (GFs), and two types of tooth cells: (5) dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and (6) periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). For all cell types we compared cultivation in standard conditions and after induction of osteogenic differentiation as well as comparison of various cell types. We revealed that the cells retain differences according to their embryonal origin and we can reveal three clusters of fetal cells (WJ-MSCs), mesenchyme-derived cells (OBs, ADSCs), and neural crest-derived cells (GFs, PDLSCs, DPSCs).Overall design: Transcriptome, secretome, and proteome data for six MSC types (OBs, ADSCs, WJ-MSCs, DPSCs, PDLSCs, and GFs) in both undifferentiated and differentiated states.