Mid-19th century road network dataset for Galicia and Austrian Silesia, Habsburg Empire

Dataset presents vector dataset of the historical road network of Galicia and Austrian Silesia (> 80 000 km2) in the mid-19th century – two regions of the former Habsburg Empire, located in Central Europe. The data were acquired manually from 455 map sheets of the Austrian second military survey map (1:28,800) for the four main road categories, according to the map legend. All the road categories present the roads passable at any time of the year, which was strategic information from the military point of view and build a network of 15 460 km. Currently, the data can be used by various researchers studying migrations, regional development, but also human impact on the environment, like land use change, invasive species introduction or landscape fragmentation. The dataset presents the times just before the most dynamic economic changes of the 19th century, which had a great impact on the region. On the other hand, the road network presented here was developed in the conditions of one country, the Habsburg Empire, which collapsed after the First World War, triggering the rise of new states and remodelling the transport network connections in Central Europe. Additionally, the data are accompanied by the layer of towns and villages with more than 2000 inhabitants, based on the 1857 Austrian census data.

This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Republic of Poland under the frame of “National Programme for the Development of Humanities” 2015–2020, as a part of the GASID project (Galicia and Austrian Silesia Interactive Database 1857–1910, 1aH 15 0324 83).

本数据集呈现了19世纪中叶加利西亚及奥地利西里西亚的历史道路网络矢量数据集（面积超过80,000平方公里），二者均为昔日哈布斯堡帝国在欧洲中部的两个地区。数据通过手工采集自455张奥地利第二次军事测绘图（比例尺1:28,800）的四类主要道路，依据图例进行分类。所有道路类别均表示全年可通行的道路，这一战略信息从军事角度考量，构建了总长15,460公里的道路网络。目前，该数据集可供研究人口迁徙、区域发展以及人类对环境影响的学者使用，例如土地利用变化、入侵物种引入或景观破碎化等问题。该数据集所展示的时期正是19世纪最剧烈的经济变革前夕，这对区域产生了深远的影响。另一方面，此处所展示的道路网络是在单一国家——哈布斯堡帝国的条件下发展起来的，该帝国在第一次世界大战后崩溃，催生了新国家的崛起，并重塑了中欧的交通运输网络连接。此外，数据集还附带基于1857年奥地利人口普查数据的超过2000居民的城镇和村庄图层。本项研究得到了波兰共和国科学和高等教育部的资助，在“人文发展国家计划”2015-2020框架下，作为GASID项目（加利西亚及奥地利西里西亚互动数据库1857-1910，1aH 15 0324 83）的一部分。