Comparative analysis of peripheral blood immunoinflammatory landscapes in patients with acute cholangitis and its secondary septic shock using single-cell RNA sequencing

The immune inflammatory responses play an important role in the occurrence and development of septic shock. We performed a detailed transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to understand the differences of immunocyte subtypes in immunoresponse and inflammation between common infections and septic shock secondary to acute cholangitis (AC). Through the screening and analysis of sequencing data, we found that there were significant differences in cell subtypes and molecular characteristics between AC and septic shock. Furthermore, we demonstrated that proNeus played a crucial role in the immunoinflammation of septic shock. Our study revealed the differentiation trajectory of neutrophils, and explored the mutual effect between main cells. In this regard, it provided a reference for accurately evaluating the pathological severity of patients with septic shock and discovering the targets for therapy. Overall design: Peripheral blood samples were collected from three patients with acute cholangitis and three patients with septic shock secondary to acute cholangitis. GEXSCOPETM Single Cell RNA Library Kit was used to barcode single cells, capture mRNA and generate cDNA libraries for scRNA-seq. Then pooled for sequencing on a Illumina Nova-seq 6000 platform with 150 bp paired-end reads