Ni and Co are individually and combined treated to HepG2 cells. Ni and Co Toxicity in HepG2 Cells

Cobalt (Co) and Nickel (Ni) are used nowadays in various industrial applications like lithium-ion batteries, raising concerns about their environmental release and public health threats. Both metals are potentially carcinogenic and may cause neurological and cardiovascular dysfunctions, though underlying toxicity mechanisms have to be fully elucidated. Although research over the years has provided useful insights, they are mostly hypothesis based and targeted. This study employs untargeted transcriptomics to analyze individual and combined Co and Ni toxicity mechanisms, individually and combined, in human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2).