Results of Generalized Linear Models for the effect of selected patch characteristics on patch-level bird density (parameter estimates ± standard error.

Only results from best-fitting models and species with at least one significant variable are shown. Note that we used an inverse link function; hence, positive parameters indicate negative effects and vice-versa.**P**P$PNSnon-significant.†Non-robust model (significant effects of certain variables were determined by single data points).‡Robust model (1–2 data points excluded, see Methods for details).