Stochastic Neurodynamics and the Accumulator Framework: Mathematical Modeling of Readiness Potentials, Stochastic Noise, and Threshold Dynamics

Repository: Zenodo Open Science Repository Date: July 2026 Abstract Classical interpretations of the Libet paradigm posit that unconscious neural activity precedes conscious motor intent by several hundred milliseconds, frequently cited as a deterministic challenge to human agency. In this paper, we integrate Aaron Schurger’s stochastic reinterpretation of the Readiness Potential (RP) into the Master Equation framework. By modeling spontaneous neural activity as an autocorrelated stochastic differential equation (SDE) governed by noise accumulation and boundary thresholds (\theta), we resolve the Libet paradox. We demonstrate that the RP is an artifact of retrospective time-locked averaging over random walks hitting a decision boundary, and we couple this mechanism with Attention Schema Theory (AST) to formalize a dynamic equilibrium model of action initiation.