Astragalus mongholicus Polysaccharides Alleviate Insulin Resistance through Modulation of PI3K/AKT, the TLR4/NF-kB Signaling Pathway and Microbiota in Rats with T2DM

we first analyzed the effects of Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides (mAPS) on glucose metabolism, inflammation and gut microbiota in a rat model of T2DM induced by a high sugar and fat diet, and then determined the effects of mAPS on FBG, HOMA-IR, PI3K, AKT, TLR4, NF-kB and its downstream pathways. We identified three significant outcomes as follows:(a) mAPS supplementation promotes hepatic glucose metabolism via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (b) mAPS supplementation illustrate that repairs the gut barrier and alleviates TLR4/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory response. (c) mAPS improves the structural disorder of gut microbiota mediated by T2DM.