Effect of Diet and Exercise Intervention on Gut Microbiota of patient with GDM

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a high-risk pregnancy complication that significantly affects both maternal and fetal health. The pathogenesis of GDM may be associated with alterations in the composition of the maternal gut microbiota. Current studies suggest that dietary and exercise interventions can effectively improve blood glucose levels and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the specific effects of these interventions on the gut microbiota in GDM patients remain unclear.Methods: Ten pregnant women with GDM, at 24-28 weeks of gestation, were included in the study and received dietary and exercise interventions. Stool samples were collected before and after the intervention. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to examine the differences in gut microbiota before and after the intervention.Results: Metagenomic sequencing results indicated a significant increase in the alpha diversity index of the gut microbiota following the intervention, suggesting that dietary and exercise interventions can enhance the abundance of gut microbiota in GDM patients. Specifically, the abundance of the beneficial bacterium Bacteroidota was significantly increased, while the abundance of the harmful bacterium Pseudomonas was markedly reduced.Conclusion: After dietary and exercise interventions, significant changes were observed in both the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota in GDM patients. These changes may represent potential mechanisms through which the gut microbiota contributes to the improvement of GDM through diet and exercise interventions.