Nucleotide diversity (��10?3), number of polymorphic sites (S), recombination parameter between adjacent position (R = 4Nr)��10?3, and ratio of nucleotide diversity in nonsynonymous/synonymous sites (�� = Ka/Ks) in coding regions in each population.

aPopulations of An. gambiae are referred by location and whereas, gambiae, arabiensi, and quadrian, represent An. gambiae (pooled), An. arabiensis and An. quadriannulatus, respectively.bTesting equality of nucleotide diversity of synonymous and nonsynonymous sites (�� = 1) in coding regions was performed by using bootstrapping (see Materials & Methods) only at the species level. *, **, ***represent PcAverage across genes for each population. Species values with different letter are statistically different from each other (PAn. gambiae populations were excluded).dPooled across populations (and sepecies) for each gene. Values with different letter are statistically different from each other as described above (c).