The influence of trace mineral supplementation on the presence of ceftriaxone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cattle

This study looks at the impact of dietary minerals and oversupplementation on the microbial composition of the rumen, duodenum and faecal niches of holstein dairy cows. Using a cannulation model, samples were taken over a 24h period to assess changes in pH, 16S rRNA gene analysis, and resistance plating to both copper and zinc at inhibitory levels. In addition, samples were tested for resistance to ceftriaxone to determine if the combination with increased metals influences the growth of gastrointestinal microbes.