Molecular Dynamics Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of Calcium Apatites. 2. Monoclinic Phases

Structural and thermodynamic properties of crystalline monoclinic calcium apatites, Ca10(PO4)6(X)2 (X =
OH, Cl), were investigated for the first time using a molecular dynamics (MD) technique under a wide range
of temperature and pressure conditions. The accuracy of the model at room temperature and atmospheric
pressure was checked against crystal structural data, yielding maximum deviations of ca. 2%. The standard
molar lattice enthalpy

of the apatites was also calculated and compared with previously published
experimental and MD results for the hexagonal polymorphs. High-temperature simulation runs were used to
estimate the isobaric thermal expansivity coefficient and study the behavior of the crystal structure under
heating. The heat capacity at constant pressure, Cp, in the range 298−1298 K, was estimated from the plot
of the molar enthalpy of the crystal as a function of temperature, Hm = (Hm,298 − 298Cp,m) + Cp,mT, yielding
Cp,m = 635 ± 7 J·mol-1·K-1 and Cp,m = 608 ± 14 J·mol-1·K-1 for hydroxy- and chlorapatite, respectively.
High-pressure MD experiments, in the 0.5−75 kbar range, were performed to estimate the isothermal
compressibility. The Parsafar−Mason equation of state was successfully used to fit the high-pressure p−Vm
data, with an accuracy better than 0.03%.