MATURITY AND QUALITY OF APPLE FRUIT DURINIG THE HARVEST PERIOD AT APPLE INDUSTRY

ABSTRACT A database of maturity and quality indices was built by analysis of 62,807 samples of 100 ‘Gala’ apples and 29,053 samples of 100 ‘Fuji’ apples at harvest, over 11 years (2005-2015) in an apple industry warehouse. Apple fruit were harvested in Fraiburgo (SC), São Joaquim (SC) and Vacaria (RS). Data on firmness, starch index (SI), soluble solid content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), size and grades (external appearance) of apple fruit were submitted to linear and nonlinear regression analyses. Each fruit was graded by analysis of external qualities (color and surface blemishes) following Brazilian legal standards. At apples industry, the harvest period extended from 3rd to 15th week of the year for ‘Gala’ and from 10th to 22nd week of the year for ‘Fuji’ apples, although approximately 70% of total production for ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ apples was harvested in a period of 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. Average maturity of 11 years varied from the 1st to the last week of harvest as follows: ‘Gala’ apples: 17.9 to 14.2 pounds (firmness), 4.0 to 6.1 (SI), 12.2 to 13.1% (SS) and 5.7 to 3.9 meq 100 mL-1 (TA). ‘Fuji’ apples: 17.1 to 14.3 pounds (firmness), 3.9 to 6.4 (SI), 12.9 to 14.4% (SS), 6.2 to 3.8 meq 100 mL-1 (TA). Approximately 48% of ‘Gala’ samples and 45% of ‘Fuji’ samples had firmness higher than 17 and 16 pounds, respectively, intended for long term storage, while 6% of ‘Gala’ samples and 8.5% of ‘Fuji’ samples had firmness lower than 14 pounds, intended for marketing shortly after harvest. The frequency of apple samples graded as Extra, Cat1, Cat2, Cat3 and out of category were 6%, 32%, 34% and 6% for ‘Gala’ apples and 5%, 39%, 33%, 18%, 5% for ‘Fuji’ apples.

摘要
本研究于2005至2015年共11年间，在某苹果产业仓库中开展采样分析，构建了苹果成熟度与品质指标数据库。采样覆盖弗赖堡（SC州）、圣若阿金（SC州）与瓦卡里亚（RS州）三地，共纳入62807组含100颗嘎拉（Gala）苹果的样本，以及29053组含100颗富士（Fuji）苹果的样本。所有苹果果实均依照巴西法定标准，通过色泽与表面瑕疵等外观品质分析完成分级。本数据集收录了果实硬度（firmness）、淀粉指数（starch index, SI）、可溶性固形物含量（soluble solid content, SS）、可滴定酸度（titratable acidity, TA）、果实大小与外观分级的相关数据，并对上述数据开展了线性与非线性回归分析。
嘎拉苹果的采收期为每年第3周至第15周，富士苹果则为每年第10周至第22周；不过两类苹果约70%的总产量分别集中在4周和6周的采收窗口期内。11年间的平均成熟度指标随采收周数的变化情况如下：嘎拉苹果的果实硬度为17.9至14.2磅，淀粉指数为4.0至6.1，可溶性固形物含量为12.2%至13.1%，可滴定酸度为5.7至3.9 meq·100mL⁻¹；富士苹果的果实硬度为17.1至14.3磅，淀粉指数为3.9至6.4，可溶性固形物含量为12.9%至14.4%，可滴定酸度为6.2至3.8 meq·100mL⁻¹。
约48%的嘎拉苹果样本与45%的富士苹果样本的果实硬度分别高于17磅和16磅，适合长期贮藏；另有6%的嘎拉样本与8.5%的富士样本硬度低于14磅，适合采收后短期内上市销售。样本分级频率方面，嘎拉苹果中特级（Extra）、一级（Cat1）、二级（Cat2）、三级（Cat3）以及不合格样本的占比分别为6%、32%、34%与6%；富士苹果对应类别的占比则为5%、39%、33%、18%与5%。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集包含11年间'Gala'和'Fuji'苹果的成熟度和质量指标数据，涵盖硬度、淀粉指数、可溶性固形物含量等多个参数，并提供了收获时间、产量分布和等级比例等详细信息。数据集旨在为苹果产业提供长期的质量和成熟度趋势分析。