Comparative Semi-Presidential Database (CSPD) version 2

In this second version, we have revised and improved some coding principles, adjusted minor errors in the code book and the files, included new variables and one new classification. We have also updated classifications. All revisions are within the conceptual framework presented in our article. We provide a yearly categorization of semi-presidential regimes and sub-regimes. The database covers the period 1900-2021 for all currently independent countries in the world. It includes categorizations from other databases and new measurements of seminal concepts of semi-presidential regimes.