Table1_Analysis of liver miRNA in Hu sheep with different residual feed intake.XLSX

Feed efficiency (FE), an important economic trait in sheep production, is indirectly assessed by residual feed intake (RFI). However, RFI in sheep is varied, and the molecular processes that regulate RFI are unclear. It is thus vital to investigate the molecular mechanism of RFI to developing a feed-efficient sheep. The miRNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was utilized to investigate miRNAs in liver tissue of 6 out of 137 sheep with extreme RFI phenotypic values. In these animals, as a typical metric of FE, RFI was used to distinguish differentially expressed miRNAs (DE_miRNAs) between animals with high (n = 3) and low (n = 3) phenotypic values. A total of 247 miRNAs were discovered in sheep, with four differentially expressed miRNAs (DE_miRNAs) detected. Among these DE_miRNAs, three were found to be upregulated and one was downregulated in animals with low residual feed intake (Low_RFI) compared to those with high residual feed intake (High_RFI). The target genes of DE_miRNAs were primarily associated with metabolic processes and biosynthetic process regulation. Furthermore, they were also considerably enriched in the FE related to glycolysis, protein synthesis and degradation, and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Six genes were identified by co-expression analysis of DE_miRNAs target with DE_mRNAs. These results provide a theoretical basis for us to understand the sheep liver miRNAs in RFI molecular regulation.