Fixed and random effects for the linear mixed model that measures the effect of the parameterization used on the accuracy.

The front-ends under consideration are MFCC (intercept), LDA1, LDA2, NMF_CC, H_CC + G_NMF and the combinations MFCC + H_CC + G_NMF and NMF_CC + H_CC + G_NMF. The inclusion of the first derivatives is indicated with the suffix “+ Δ‘”. For the fixed effect (parameterization), the classification rate ([%]) estimates, standard errors and t-values are shown. The statistical significance at p < 10−4 is marked with ***, p < 10−3 is marked with ** and p < 0.05 is marked with *. For the random effects (bird species and fold), variances and standard deviations are reported.