Enhancing intercultural competence through self-efficacy, grit, and informal digital learning of English

Learners' confidence and perseverance in a second language are crucial for developing intercultural competence. As English students encounter diverse cultures through informal digital learning (IDLE), this study examines if IDLE links these psychological traits to intercultural skills.Research with 416 Chinese students found that higher confidence boosts perseverance, which leads to more digital English activities (like watching media or online chatting). This increased activity then enhances intercultural competence.The findings suggest that by building students' confidence and grit, educators can encourage more digital learning, ultimately preparing learners for effective communication in a globalized world.