Protocalliphora larvae: moderate but lasting carry-over effects on yearling and mother coloration

Parasites play a significant role in the evolution of their hosts, influencing a wide range of traits, including animal signals such as coloration. While the direct effects of parasitism on coloration are well-documented, it remains unclear whether these effects persist beyond the parasitized phase, leading to direct carry-over effects. Additionally, the impact of parasitism on parental investment may have indirect consequences for the parents themselves, potentially affecting their coloration. We analyzed a 20-year dataset to estimate both direct and indirect long-term effects of the ectoparasite Protocalliphora sp. on blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and their plumage color. This ectoparasite only affects the nestling stage but is also known to increase parental care. We measured the impact of ectoparasites on nestlings' condition, and then quantified their long-term effects on the colorations produced during the subsequent molt in i) parasitized individuals at their yearling stage, and..., , # Carry-over effects of Protocalliphora larvae on mothers’ coloration

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.8w9ghx3zm](10.5061/dryad.8w9ghx3zm)

## Description of the data and file structure

Data, analyses, and figures associated with the manuscript \"Carry-over effects of *Protocalliphora* larvae on mothers' coloration\"

by Christian N. Tchana, Amélie Fargevieille, Lisa Sandmeyer, María Del Rey Granado, Arnaud Grégoire, Céline Teplitsky, Claire Loiseau & Claire Doutrelant

**Scripts and figures by Christian N. Tchana & Amélie Fargevieille**

If you need clarification regarding codes, please contact tchanachris94[at]gmail.com and/or afargevieille[at]gmail.com

Repository is organized into 4 files and 2 folders.

The folders are:

* analyses_figures_script: R codes to run analyses and figures found in the manuscript and supplementary materials (see README file in that folder)
* data: data sets used for the analyses (see details in README file in that folder)
* figures: figures that can be found i...,