Regulation of TP53 Activity through Association with Co-factors
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Association of TP53 (p53) with various transcriptional co-factors can promote, inhibit or provide specificity towards either transcription of cell cycle arrest genes or transcription of cell death genes. Binding of the zinc finger protein ZNF385A (HZF), which is a transcriptional target of TP53, stimulates transcription of cell cycle arrest genes, such as CDKN1A (Das et al. 2007). Binding of POU4F1 (BRN3A) to TP53 also stimulates transcription of cell cycle arrest genes while inhibiting transcription of pro-apoptotic genes (Budhram-Mahadeo et al. 1999, Hudson et al. 2005).<p>Binding of ASPP family proteins PPP1R13B (ASPP1) or TP53BP2 (ASPP2) to TP53 stimulates transcription of pro-apoptotic TP53 targets (Samuels-Lev et al. 2001, Bergamaschi et al. 2004). Binding of the ASPP family member PPP1R13L (iASSP) inhibits TP53-mediated activation of pro-apoptotic genes probably by interfering with binding of stimulatory ASPPs to TP53 (Bergamaschi et al. 2003). Transcription of pro-apoptotic genes is also stimulated by binding of TP53 to POU4F2 (BRN3B) (Budrham-Mahadeo et al. 2006, Budhram-Mahadeo et al. 2014) or to hCAS/CSE1L (Tanaka et al. 2007).<p>Binding of co-factors to TP53 can also affect protein stability. For example, PHF20 binds to TP53 dimethylated on lysine residues K370 and K382 by unidentified protein lysine methyltransferase(s) and interferes with MDM2 binding, resulting in prolonged TP53 half-life (Cui et al. 2012). Long noncoding RNAs can contribute to p53-dependent transcriptional responses (Huarte et al. 2010). For a general review on this topic, see Espinosa 2008, Beckerman and Prives 2010, Murray-Zmijewski et al. 2008, An et al. 2004 and Barsotti and Prives 2010.
TP53(p53)与多种转录共因子的关联能够促进、抑制或提供特异性,从而调控细胞周期停滞基因的转录或细胞死亡基因的转录。锌指蛋白ZNF385A(HZF),作为TP53的转录靶点,其与TP53的结合可刺激细胞周期停滞基因,如CDKN1A(Das等人,2007年)的转录。POU4F1(BRN3A)与TP53的结合同样刺激细胞周期停滞基因的转录,同时抑制促凋亡基因的转录(Budhram-Mahadeo等人,1999年,Hudson等人,2005年)。<p>ASPP家族蛋白PPP1R13B(ASPP1)或TP53BP2(ASPP2)与TP53的结合可刺激促凋亡TP53靶点的转录(Samuels-Lev等人,2001年,Bergamaschi等人,2004年)。ASPP家族成员PPP1R13L(iASSP)与TP53的结合则抑制TP53介导的促凋亡基因的激活,可能通过干扰刺激性的ASPP与TP53的结合(Bergamaschi等人,2003年)。促凋亡基因的转录亦受到TP53与POU4F2(BRN3B)或hCAS/CSE1L的结合刺激(Budrham-Mahadeo等人,2006年,Budrham-Mahadeo等人,2014年)。<p>共因子与TP53的结合亦能影响蛋白的稳定性。例如,PHF20通过未知的蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶与TP53的赖氨酸残基K370和K382的甲基化结合,干扰MDM2的结合,从而延长TP53的半衰期(Cui等人,2012年)。长非编码RNA可参与p53依赖的转录反应(Huarte等人,2010年)。关于此主题的综述,可参考Espinosa(2008年)、Beckerman和Prives(2010年)、Murray-Zmijewski等人(2008年)、An等人(2004年)以及Barsotti和Prives(2010年)。
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