Global Groundwater Isotope Dataset

This dataset contains 94,292 groundwater hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope measurements, sourced from three components: 77,740 website records, 15,791 reference literature entries, and 761 field measurements. The National Water Information System (NWIS) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) primarily provides groundwater isotope data within the United States, while the Global Natural Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP/WIS) database mainly covers limited regions including the United States, Western Europe, and South Africa, with relatively sparse global coverage. To enhance spatial completeness, we integrated published isotope observation data, significantly expanding the dataset's global reach. The updated dataset now encompasses previously undersampled areas such as the Arctic region, East African Highlands, Western Australia, and high-altitude mountainous regions, achieving more balanced spatial distribution.