Informal Survey 2010 - Angola

Abstract
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This research is a survey of unregistered businesses conducted in Angola between June and November 2010, at the same time with Angola 2010 Enterprise Survey. Data from 119 enterprises were analyzed.

Questionnaire topics include general information about a business, infrastructure and services, sales and supplies, crime, sources and access to finance, business-government relationship, assets, AIDS and sickness (for African region), bribery, workforce composition, obstacles to get registration, reasons for not registering, and benefits that an establishment could get from registration. The mode of data collection is face-to-face interviews.

The Informal Surveys aim to accomplish the following objectives:
1) To provide information about the state of the private sector for informal businesses in client countries;
2) To generate information about the reasons of said informality;
3) To collect useful data for the research agenda on informality;
4) To provide information on the level of activity in the informal sector of selected urban centers in each country.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the Informal Surveys is an unregistered establishment. For Angola, informal firms were defined as those not registered as determined by a registry supplied by Dun & Bradstreet.

Universe
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The whole population, or the universe, covered in the survey is the non-agricultural informal economy.

At the beginning of each survey, a screening procedure is conducted in order to identify eligible interviewees. At this point, a full description of all the activities of the business owner or manager is taken; based on its principal activity, a business is then classified in the manufacturing or services stratum using a list of activities developed from previous iterations of the survey. Certain activities are excluded such as strictly illegal activities (e.g., prostitution or drug trafficking) as well as individual activities that are forms of selling labor like domestic servants or windshield washers.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The Informal Surveys are conducted in selected urban centers, which are intended to coincide with the locations for the implementation of the main Enterprise Surveys. The overall number of interviews is pre-determined.

In Angola, the urban centers identified were Luanda, Huambo and Benguela. At the outset, the target sample in Luanda was 60 interviews, in Huambo was 30 interviews, and in Benguela 30 interviews. The sample will be confined to the major cities covered in the running in parallel enterprise survey of the formal economy. The target number of interviews will reflect, as far as practical, the individuals' population distribution but with no more than 60% sample from a single city and no city with fewer than 20 interviews in total.

Sampling in the Informal Surveys is conducted within clearly delineated sampling zones, which are geographically determined divisions within each urban center. Sampling zones are defined at the beginning of fieldwork, and are delineated according to the concentration and geographical dispersion of informal business activity. After the sampling sizes are defined for each location every city is divided into several zones that may or may not correspond to the administrative districts.

In Angola, using Google maps or local city maps, the target areas within each city were identified. With input from the local agency applying local knowledge, the starting points were defined. The number of zones was determined by the target sample size for each city divided by the cluster size (4 interviews).

In Luanda, for a total of 60 interviews, 15 sampling zones were initially identified (60/4=15 zones). In Huambo, a total of 30 interviews were completed in 7 sampling zones. In Benguela, a total of 29 interviews were conducted in 8 sampling zones. As described above, the criteria used in choosing these sample sectors was a combination of territorial dispersion and the presence of informal businesses.

In order to provide information on diverse aspects of the informal economy, the sample is designed to have equal proportions of services and manufacturing (50:50). These sectors are defined by responses provided by each informal business to a question on the business's main activity included in the screener portion of the questionnaire.

As a general rule, services must constitute an ongoing business enterprise and so exclude the sale of manual labor Manufacturing activity in the informal sector includes business activity requiring inputs and/or intermediate goods. Thus, for example, the processing of coffee, sugar, oil, dried fruit, or other processed foods is considered manufacturing, while the simple selling of these goods falls under services. If an informal business conducts a mixture of these activities, the business is considered under the manufacturing stratum.

Each sampling zone was designed with the goal of obtaining two interviews in services and two interviews in manufacturing. In order to ensure a degree of geographical dispersion within each sampling zone, two starting points were identified.

Each sampling zone, including its two starting points, were marked using Google maps, with the GPS coordinates of the starting points being systematically recorded.

Additionally, when obtaining a complete interview, the exact address of the informal business (or where the interview took place) was registered by the interviewer. Once in the office, this address was searched in Google maps, and its GPS coordinates were registered in a fieldwork report.

If no address was immediately available, using local knowledge, the GPS coordinates were determined using imaging via Google maps. In order to preserve confidentiality, the exact coordinates of businesses are not published.

Due to issues of non-response, in the process of fieldwork, the implementing contractor was unable to obtain the targeted four interviews in each of the originally delineated sectors.

As a result, replacement sectors were delineated, ex post. Additionally, the implementing contractor noted that in various interviews there were notable shortfalls in response rates to certain questions. For these reasons, additional interviews were authorized. These were distributed according to the discretion of the implementing contractor in Angola, with authorization from the World Bank.

In sum, there were 30 zones in Angola; Luanda (15 zones), Huambo (7 zones), and Benguela (8 zones).

Complete information regarding the sampling methodology can be found in "Description of Angola Informal Survey Implementation" in "Technical Documents" folder.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instrument is available:
- Informal Questionnaire.

The survey topics include general information about a business, infrastructure and services, sales and supplies, crime, sources and access to finance, business-government relationship, assets, AIDS and sickness (for African region), bribery, workforce composition, obstacles to get registration, reasons for not registering, and benefits that an establishment could get from registration.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

摘要
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本项研究对安哥拉的非注册企业进行了调查，调查时间介于2010年6月至11月之间，与安哥拉2010年企业调查同时进行。共分析了119家企业的数据。
调查问卷的主题包括企业的一般信息、基础设施和服务、销售和供应、犯罪、融资来源和获取途径、企业与政府的关系、资产、艾滋病与疾病（针对非洲地区）、贿赂、劳动力构成、注册障碍、未注册的原因以及注册可能带来的益处。数据收集方式为面对面访谈。
非正规调查旨在实现以下目标：
1) 为客户国家的非正规企业提供关于私营部门现状的信息；
2) 生成关于上述非正规化原因的信息；
3) 收集关于非正规化研究的有用数据；
4) 为各国选定城市中心的非正规经济活动水平提供信息。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单位
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非正规调查的主要抽样单位为未注册的企业。对于安哥拉，非正规企业被定义为那些未在Dun & Bradstreet提供的登记册上注册的企业。
总体
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调查涵盖的总体，即整个群体，是非农业非正规经济。
在每次调查的开始阶段，都会进行筛选程序，以确定合格的受访者。在此阶段，会收集企业所有者或经理的所有业务活动的详细信息；根据其主要活动，企业会被分类到制造业或服务业层级，使用从调查的前几轮中开发的活动列表进行分类。某些活动被排除在外，例如严格非法活动（例如卖淫或贩毒）以及个体活动，如家庭服务员或挡风玻璃清洁工，这些活动是劳动销售的形式。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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非正规调查在选定的城市中心进行，旨在与主要企业调查的实施地点相一致。总体访谈数量是预先确定的。
在安哥拉，确定的城市中心为罗安达、宽扎和本格拉。最初，罗安达的目标样本为60次访谈，宽扎为30次访谈，本格拉为30次访谈。样本将限于正式经济并行的企业调查中涵盖的主要城市。目标访谈数量将尽可能反映个人的人口分布，但单个城市的样本不得超过60%，且没有城市的总访谈数量少于20次。
在非正规调查中，抽样是在明确划分的抽样区域内进行的，这些区域是每个城市中心内的地理划分。抽样区域在实地工作开始时定义，并根据非正规商业活动的集中和地理分布进行划分。每个城市的样本大小确定后，每个城市都会划分成几个区域，这些区域可能与行政区域不完全对应。
在安哥拉，使用谷歌地图或当地城市地图，确定了每个城市的目标区域。在地方机构的本地知识输入下，确定了起点。区域数量由每个城市的目标样本大小除以集群大小（4次访谈）确定。
在罗安达，总共60次访谈，最初确定了15个抽样区域（60/4=15个区域）。在宽扎，总共30次访谈在7个抽样区域完成。在本格拉，总共29次访谈在8个抽样区域进行。如上所述，选择这些样本区域的标准是领土分散和非正规商业活动存在的组合。
为了提供关于非正规经济各方面信息，样本设计旨在在服务和制造业（50:50）之间保持相等的比例。这些部门由每个非正规企业在问卷筛选部分回答的关于企业主要活动的问题定义。
一般来说，服务必须是持续的商业企业，因此排除了体力劳动的销售。非正规部门的制造业活动包括需要投入和/或中间产品的业务活动。例如，咖啡、糖、油、干果或其他加工食品的处理被认为是制造业，而这些商品的销售则属于服务。如果非正规企业进行这些活动的混合，则该企业被视为属于制造业层级。
每个抽样区域都设计为旨在获得两个服务访谈和两个制造业访谈。为了确保每个抽样区域内的地理分散性，确定了两个起点。
每个抽样区域，包括其两个起点，都使用谷歌地图进行了标记，并系统地记录了起点的GPS坐标。
此外，在获得完整的访谈后，访谈员会记录非正规企业的确切地址（或访谈发生的地方）。一旦在办公室，就会在谷歌地图上搜索该地址，并记录其GPS坐标在实地工作报告中。
如果无法立即获得地址，使用本地知识，通过谷歌地图的图像确定GPS坐标。为了保护隐私，不公布企业的确切坐标。
由于非响应问题，在实地工作过程中，实施承包商无法在每个最初划分的部门中获得目标四次访谈。
因此，在事后划定了替代区域。此外，实施承包商指出，在某些访谈中，对某些问题的回应率存在显著不足。出于这些原因，授权进行了额外的访谈。这些访谈根据安哥拉实施承包商的酌情决定，并经世界银行授权。
总的来说，在安哥拉有30个区域；罗安达（15个区域）、宽扎（7个区域）和本格拉（8个区域）。
有关抽样方法的完整信息可在“技术文件”文件夹中的“安哥拉非正规调查实施描述”中找到。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前调查工具如下：
- 非正规问卷。
调查主题包括企业的一般信息、基础设施和服务、销售和供应、犯罪、融资来源和获取途径、企业与政府的关系、资产、艾滋病与疾病（针对非洲地区）、贿赂、劳动力构成、注册障碍、未注册的原因以及注册可能带来的益处。
数据清洗操作
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承包商实施数据录入和质量控制，并将数据分批（通常是10%、50%和100%）交付世界银行。这些数据交付会被检查逻辑一致性、超出范围的值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记，并由实施承包商通过数据检查、回访和重访企业进行纠正。