Sequencing of rumen fluid of white goats

This study compares the impacts of immunocastration versus surgical castration on the rumen microbiome of male Wanlin White goats using 16S rRNA sequencing. We aim to determine whether immunocastration--a welfare-friendly alternative--better preserves ruminal microbial diversity and functional stability critical for digestion and methane mitigation. By linking microbial shifts to host physiological changes, this work addresses how castration methods influence goat production efficiency. Findings will provide scientific support for adopting immunocastration to enhance animal welfare, productivity, and environmental sustainability in goat farming.