Table 2 in Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data

Table 2. Characters and character states for the morphological cladistic analyses.
CharacterCharacter statesAdultsHead (Figs 1–3)1. Head (lateral view) deflexed from longitudinal body axis at(0) <45° (Fig. 1D, H); (1)>45° (Fig. 1A–C, E–G, I–L)2. Head (dorsal view)(0) moderately transverse (Fig. 2C); (1) very short and broad (Fig. 2B); (2) about as long as broad (Fig. 2A)3. Vertex(0) separated from genae by transverse carina or suture (Fig. 2D); (1) curved down to genae, without transverse carina or suture (Fig. 2E)4. Median ocellus(0) embraced by vertex and genae; (1) open towards frons (Fig. 3C–H)5. Frons(0) elongate, parallel-sided or narrowly triangular (Fig. 3D–F); (1) widely trapezoidal (Fig. 3C); (2) elliptical (Fig. 3H); (3) reduced or membranous; (4) small, trapezoidal (Fig. 3G)6. Genae(0) weakly rounded (Fig. 3A–E, G, H); (1) produced into conical processes; (2) produced into flattened lobes (Fig. 3F)7. Subgenae(0) not differentiated (Fig. 3C, E, G, H); (1) differentiated into separate sclerites (Fig. 3D, F)8. Preocular sclerite(0) not developed (Fig. 3A); (1) developed as small sclerite between eye and vertex (Fig. 3B)9. Compound eyes (dorsal view)(0) hemispherical, adpressed to head (Fig. 2C); (1) elongate, strongly adpressed to head (Fig. 2A); (2) subspherical, collared (Fig. 2B)10. Clypeus ventrally(0) rounded; (1) flattened11. Antennal segments 1 and 2(0) shorter than segment 3; (1) longer than segment 3Thorax (Figs 4, 5)12. Pronotum (dorsal view)(0) weakly curved posteriad laterally; (1) almost straight, subrectangular13. Metapostnotum(0) flat, with small tubercle or shallow longitudinal ridge (Fig. 4A); (1) with large conical horn (Fig. 4D); (2) with backwards directed tooth (Fig. 4B); (3) with longitudinal ridge or laterally compressed tooth (Fig. 4C)14. Mesosternum (ventral view)(0) narrowly transverse,>3× wider than long laterally (Fig. 5A–C, E, F); (1) subrectangular, <2× wider than long laterally (Fig. 5D)15. Mesosternum (ventral view)(0) as wide as or wider than head; (1) narrower than head16. Anterior margin of mesosternum (ventral view)(0) weakly concave (Fig. 5A, B, F); (1) weakly concave with median hump (Fig. 5C, E); (2) with medial angle or notch (Fig. 5D)17. Pleurosternal suture (ventral view)(0) well visible (Fig. 5D); (1) hardly visible (Fig. 5A, B, F); (2) not visible (Fig. 5C, E)18. Basisternum (ventral view)(0) large, oval to rhomboidal (Fig. 5D, E); (1) small oval (Fig. 5F); (2) triangular (Fig. 5B, C); (3) indistinct (Fig. 5A)19. Katepisternum antero-laterally (ventral view)(0) large (Fig. 5D, E); (1) small (Fig. 5A–C, F)20. Katepisternum laterally(0) flat (Fig. 5A–D, F); (1) bent dorsad (Fig. 5E)21. Angle between arms of precoxale (ventral view)(0) acute or right (Fig. 5C, D); (1) obtuse (Fig. 5A, B, E, F)Legs (Figs 6, 7)22. Pro and mesotibiae(0) slender, cylindrical; (1) robust, flattened laterally.23. Meracanthus(0) horn-shaped (Fig. 6A); (1) short, knob-like (Fig. 6B); (2) short, tubular (Fig. 6C); (3) long, tubular, slender, straight (Fig. 6D).24. Three ventral sense organs of metafemur(0) in basal position (basal quarter) (Fig. 6E); (1) in submedial position (basal third) (Fig. 6F, H, L, N); (2) in medial position (middle) (Fig. 6G, I–K, M)25. Long stout setae near apex of metafemur(0) present (Fig. 6O); (1) absent26. Metatibia bearing along its length(0) normal setae (Fig. 7I); (1) spurs (Fig. 7L)27. Apical metatibial spurs(0) forming a posteriorly open crown (Fig. 7A, B); (1) grouped, lateral spurs not on raised process (Fig. 7J, K); (2) grouped, lateral spurs on raised processes (Fig. 7E, F)28. Posterior margin of metatibia(0) rounded (Fig. 7B); (1) spatulate (Fig. 7A)29. Row of peg-like setae on metatibial apex laterally adjacent to spurs(0) lacking (Fig. 7B, D); (1) developed (Fig. 7C)30. Unsclerotized bristle-like setae antero-apically between spurs(0) absent (sometimes with long hairs) (Fig. 8E–G); (1) developed (Fig. 7J, K)