Data from: Betting on rains that do not come: Monsoon failure and leaf area overshoot relate to increased tree mortality from drought

Structural overshoots, where biomass is overallocated to tree leaf area
compared to sapwood area, could result in lethal stress during droughts.
Climate change may alter climatic cues that drive leaf area production,
such as temperature and precipitation, as well as seasonal dynamics that
underlie summer rainfall due to the North American Monsoon (NAM).
Combined, this could lead to temporal mismatches between leaf area-driven
water demand and availability, and increased drought-induced mortality
events. We used leaf area to sapwood area ratios to investigate the
prevalence of overshoots and whether overshoots increase drought-induced
mortality. We measured populations of aspen spanning the northern
transition zone of the NAM during and following severe droughts. We
observed increased overshoots and drought-induced mortality in southern
latitude populations that rely more on summer monsoon rainfall. Changes in
convective activity from low snowpack the preceding winter may be a
climatic driver of heightened summer monsoon rainfall in the region and
therefore may also trigger increased production of leaf area during wetter
summers. Our results suggest that an overshoot of leaf area to sapwood
area (AL:AS) ratios is associated with drought-induced tree mortality and
highlight that climate-change driven alterations to the NAM could have
major consequences for tree species’ acclimation to environment change.
  Supplemental data files provide for: Kerr KL, Anderegg LDL,
Trugman AT, Anderegg WRL (2025) Betting on rains that do not come: Monsoon
failure and leaf area overshoot relate to increased tree mortality from
drought. Functional Ecology. Data were gathered from national forests (NF)
throughout Utah and Colorado, USA in the summers of 2014, 2018, 2019,
2020, and 2021. See Methods for details.