Matrix of health systems research and development needs.

Group 1, countries that are scaling up and entering the sustained control phase, where most of the population lives in areas where malaria elimination is considered impossible with existing tools; group 2, countries with focal malaria, where a large part of the population lives in malaria-free areas, and where health systems strengthening could play a crucial role in interrupting transmission in many but not necessarily all of the existing foci. These are often countries with very diverse and complex health systems challenges; group 3, elimination-ready countries. When a group of countries is not indicated, the text applies to group 1 and group 2 countries alike.aResponsibility for these issues shared with malERA Monitoring, Evaluation, and Surveillance group.IMAI, integrated management of adult and adolescent illness; IMCI, integrated management of childhood illness.