海河流域多尺度地表通量与气象要素观测数据集：怀来站-自动气象站（10m塔）-2017

该数据集包含了2017年1月1日至2017年12月31日的10m塔自动气象站观测数据。站点位于河北省怀来县东花园镇，下垫面为水浇地玉米。观测点的经纬度是115.7880E，40.3491N，海拔480m。
自动气象站安装在10m塔上，采集频率为30s，且10min输出一次。观测要素包括空气温度、相对湿度（5m），朝向为正北；风速（10m），风向（10m），朝向为正北；气压（安装在防水箱内）；雨量（10m）；四分量辐射（5m），朝向为正南；红外表面温度（5m），支臂朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温湿度探头埋设在气象塔正南方1.5m处，土壤温度探头埋设深度为0cm、2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm和160cm处，土壤水分传感器埋设深度为2cm、4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm和160cm；平均土壤温度埋在地下2, 4cm；土壤热流板（3块）埋设在地下6cm处。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2017-6-10 10:30。1月1日至4月15日期间由于40cm深度土壤温度传感器出现问题，数据缺失。
自动气象站发布的数据包括：日期/时间Date/Time，空气温湿观测（Ta_5m，RH_5m）（℃，%），风速（Ws_10m）（m/s），风向（WD）（°），气压（Press）（hpa），降水（Rain）（mm），四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR、ULR、Rn）（W/m2），地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）（℃），土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）（W/m2）、多层土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm）（%）、多层土壤温度（Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm）（℃）、平均土壤温度TCAV（℃）。
站点介绍用guo et al, 2020; 数据处理用liu et al, 2013.

This dataset contains in-situ observations collected by a 10-meter-tower automatic weather station (AWS) from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The AWS site is located in Donghuayuan Town, Huailai County, Hebei Province, with an underlying surface of irrigated corn fields. The geographic coordinates of the observation point are 115.7880°E, 40.3491°N, and the elevation is 480 m.

The AWS is mounted on the 10-meter tower, with a sampling frequency of 30 seconds and a 10-minute output interval. Observed variables include: air temperature and relative humidity (at 5 m height, oriented to true north); wind speed and wind direction (at 10 m height, oriented to true north); atmospheric pressure (installed in a waterproof enclosure); rainfall (at 10 m height); four-component radiation (at 5 m height, oriented to true south); infrared surface temperature (at 5 m height, with the arm oriented to true south and the probe pointing vertically downward). Soil temperature and moisture probes are buried 1.5 m directly south of the meteorological tower. Soil temperature probes are installed at depths of 0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, and 160 cm below the ground surface; soil moisture sensors are installed at depths of 2 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, and 160 cm below the ground surface. The average soil temperature (TCAV) is measured at 2 cm and 4 cm depths; three soil heat flux plates are buried at 6 cm below the ground surface.

Data processing and quality control procedures are as follows:
1. Ensure 144 valid records per day (one record every 10 minutes), with missing values marked as -6999;
2. Remove duplicate timestamped records;
3. Delete data that significantly exceeds physical limits or instrument measurement ranges;
4. Unify the date and time format, with date and time combined in a single column. For example, the standard timestamp format is: 2017-06-10 10:30. Note that data for the 40 cm depth soil temperature sensor was missing from January 1 to April 15, 2017 due to sensor malfunction.

The released AWS dataset includes the following variables: "Date/Time", air temperature and relative humidity (Ta_5m, RH_5m; units: ℃, %), wind speed (Ws_10m; unit: m/s), wind direction (WD; unit: °), atmospheric pressure (Press; unit: hpa), precipitation (Rain; unit: mm), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR, ULR, Rn; unit: W/m²), surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2; unit: ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3; unit: W/m²), multi-layer soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm; unit: %), multi-layer soil temperature (Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm; unit: ℃), and average soil temperature (TCAV; unit: ℃).

Site introduction: Guo et al., 2020; Data processing methodology: Liu et al., 2013.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集为2017年海河流域怀来站10米塔自动气象站观测数据，包含空气温湿度、风速风向、降水、辐射及多层土壤温湿度等全面气象要素，采集频率为30秒/次，10分钟输出一次，数据经过严格质量控制并标注缺失值。站点位于河北怀来县（115.7880E,40.3491N），下垫面为玉米水浇地，数据时间覆盖2017全年。