Mobile payment usage based on the merchant’s perspective

Mobile payments are widely used and have mushroomed worldwide, even in developing countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Even the largest accounting institution in the world, based in the Netherlands, KPMG, predicts that mobile payment (MP) will change world civilization. The rapid development of the use of mobile payments has occurred due to various factors, including technological advances, public acceptance, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which has also significantly increased the use of mobile payments (MP).Mobile payment (MP) has at least four stakeholders: technology providers, end-users, government, and merchants. Each party has a role, including technology providers providing application services that allow users to conduct transactions with their mobile devices. End users are end-users who use mobile payment (MP) as a means of payment. The government acts as a regulator that oversees and ensures no legal violations in the transaction process. In comparison, merchants are partners of technology providers in receiving transactions. The main reason users choose to use mobile payment (MP) is that it is faster and more practical because there is no need to go to a bank or ATM to get cash.This study proposes factors and confirms acceptance of mobile payment QR technologies from merchants' (MSME) perspective. Furthermore, this study will confirm the relation between intention to use and actual usage. The proposed factors in this study will refer to frameworks and models that have been previously confirmed, such as Technology Acceptance models (TAM), Extended TAM, Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), Theory of reason action (TRA), Theory of planned behaviors (TPB) and qualitative study from Mallat which will be adapted and developed with the conditions of MSME. The research was conducted in Indonesia. Respondents from this study were business actors whose businesses were included in the category of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME). This study does not limit whether respondents have used mobile payment QR because it will explore what factors influence interest in using it. The respondents used in this study were 418 respondents obtained through a direct survey. This study uses a quantitative study method that is cross-sectional in time and adopts a field study approach. The 95% confidence level and SEM are applied to this study; most similar studies previously had the same characteristics.This study confirms a difference in perspective between users in the intermediary business and end users, which many previous studies have done. Seven hypotheses are supported, and the other six hypotheses proposed cannot be supported in this study. The results of this study indicate that perceived ease of use does not have a significant effect on perceived experience, in contrast to perceived usefulness, which has a significant effect directly on perceived experience. In other words, perceived ease of use is not an antecedent variable for perceived experience. While with the relationship, the intention to use perceived risk is the most influential factor in merchants' intention, followed by perceived convenience, perceived experience, and word-of-mouth learning. From the merchant intention perspective, customer engagement, perceived cost, perceived trust, and complexity were insignificant factors.Several findings confirmed and aligned with the earlier research, but some were unique. Overall, the findings contribute to theoretical knowledge of the primary factors influencing a merchant's intention to adopt mobile payment and have significance for the real-world economic growth of MSMEs.