Derived datasets for "Methane outburst driven by magma-sediment interactions at Fentale Volcano detected by satellite"

Fentale Crater Activity This repository contains derived datasets and products used in Dualeh et al. (2026). An overview is provided below with information about file content and data. Previously published datasets and links on how to access specific dataset can be found at the bottom. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) Sentinel-1 InSAR imagery can be accessed through the COMET Volcanic and Magmatic Deformation Portal (https://comet.nerc.ac.uk/comet-volcano-portal/) Pre-collapse deformation time series (./SAR/Pre-collapse/) in LiCSBAS output format (https://github.com/comet-licsar/licsbas) COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) Descending Track (HI_04) COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) Ascending Track (HI_02) Post-collapse deformation time series (./SAR/Post-collapse/) COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) Ascending Track (HI_02) CSK Second Generation (CSG) Descending Track (STR_006) CSK Second Generation (CSG) Ascending Track (STR_004) Optical Imagery and derived datasets Sentinel-2 optical imagery is open-access can be accessed through the Copernicus Browser (https://browser.dataspace.copernicus.eu/). Additional extracted areas for the low-lying plume are provided (./Optical/PlumeArea-S2.csv). All times are in UTC Access to Planet imagery is subject to license agreement. The extracted areas for the low-lying plume are provided (./Optical/PlumeArea-Planet.csv). All times are in UTC Horizontal deformation associated with the 14 February 2025 earthquake is available from Hauck et al. (2025) (10.57932/b4ce1bad-a61b-499a-a3aa-36b632f45e56). Thermal dataset Dataset contains: GeoTIFF: contains a subset of GeoTIFF images derived from the VIIRS I5 channel (11.45 μm), processed using the MIROVA-TIRVolcH algorithms. The images represent atmospherically uncorrected Brightness Temperature (in Kelvin) at each pixel. Data Source: VIIRS I5 channel (11.45 μm) Processing Algorithm: MIROVA-TIRVolcH Data Type: Atmospherically uncorrected Brightness Temperature (Kelvin) Pixel Size: 375 m x 375 m Projection: WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984) CSV Dataset: the January–April 2025 TIRVolcH-processed (10.1016/j.rse.2024.114388) VRPTIR time series (10.1029/2024GL113324). The time series includes both the raw and supervised datasets (./Thermal/VRP-TIR-TIRVolcH.csv). The supervised version was obtained after visual inspection and selection of scenes acquired under optimal geometric (i.e., satellite viewing angles) and meteorological conditions. All times are in UTC. Automatic hot-spot detection for on-going monitoring of volcanic activity is available through MIROVA (https://www.mirovaweb.it/NRT/index.php) Gas observations Methane emission rates calculated from TROPOMI, GHGSat and Tanager-1 (CarbonMapper) are provided as a spreadsheet (./Gas/EmissionRates-Methane.csv) or found the supplementary material document (Table S4) Carbon dioxide emission rates calculated from Tanager-1 (CarbonMapper) imagery is available as spreadsheet (./Gas/EmissionRates-CO2) or found the supplementary material document (Table S5) Additional datasets Figures from paper and extended data figures as .png and .pdf files (./Figures/) 3D Displacement (./Others/3D_Displacement/) Fentale Crater shapefile (./Others/Shapefile/) Literature compilations (./Others/Compilations/) Includes compilations used to create figure 1c-d and Extended Data Figure 2-3 2024-2025 dyke response datasets: Way, L., Biggs, J., Zheng, W., Lazecky, M., Dualeh, E., Wright, T., Grandin, R., Hauck, A., Loughlin, S., Crummy, J., & Teklemariam, E. L. (2025). Dataset for "Real-time Satellite Monitoring of the 2024-2025 dyke intrusion sequence at Fentale-Dofen Volcanoes, Ethiopia" [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16995116 Data Availability statement: Sentinel-1 InSAR images and timeseries are provided open access through the COMET Volcanic and Magmatic Deformation Portal (https://comet.nerc.ac.uk/comet-volcano-portal/). COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) and COSMO-SkyMed 2nd generation (CSG) imagery was provided by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) via CEOS G-VEWERS programme. The VIIRS data can be downloaded through NASA's Land, Atmosphere Near-real-time Capability for EOS (LANCE) data system (https://lance.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov). Pléiades images were provided under the CIEST2 (CNES-FormaTerre) initiative (image Pléiades ©CNES2025, distribution AIRBUS DS). Carbon Mapper CH4 and CO2 plume visual datasets are available on the Carbon Mapper Data Portal (data.carbonmapper.org). GHGSat CH4 and CO2 data is available through the ESA Third Party Mission (TPM) programme. TROPOMI, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 data are available at the Copernicus Data Hub (https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/). TROPOMI-based methane plume detections are available at https://apps.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/methane-explorer. The WRF-Chem model code can be downloaded at https://ruc.noaa.gov/wrf/wrf-chem/. The NCEP meteorology is available at https://gdex.ucar.edu/datasets/d083002. ERA5 Reanalysis data are available at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land?tab=download. GEOS-FP wind data can be downloaded at gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/GMAO_products. The CAMS boundary conditions can be retrieved from https://ads.atmosphere.copernicus.eu/datasets/cams-global-atmospheric-composition-forecasts?tab=download. EDGARv2024 emissions are available at http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg2024. GFEIv3 emissions can be retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/HH4EUM. WetCHARTs v1.3 emissions are available at https://daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=1915. East African Rift main fault traces used in Figure 1a, and Figure 4 were extracted from the following dataset: Jones, D.J.R. (2020): East African Rift Temperature and Heat flow model (EARTH). British Geological Survey. (Model). https://dx.doi.org/10.5285/e1bc2841-81c2-4b6e-ae5b-301f3bf82b68 The cumulative seismic moment shown in Figure 1B are publicly available from the GEOFON seismic network data archive (https://geofon.gfz.de), hosted by the Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Germany.